How the Authors of The Signalman and The Red Room Use First-Person Narrative :: Charles Dickens H.G. Wells Narratives Essays

How the Authors of The Signalman and The Red Room Use First-Person Narrative In this essay two novels will be compared. The first written by Charles Dickens entitled, `The Signalman` and the second is H G Wells’ `The Red Room`. I seek to find out how first person narration is used to manipulate the thoughts and feelings of the readers and how the two are similar. The two poems are both similar in that they are both pre 1914 prose about ghosts and are based on the supernatural, the two tales also create suspense and tension in the atmosphere surrounding the characters. The stories are written in first person native for example, the authors of `The Red Room` and `The Signalman` both tell the story using speech as the main technique telling the story through the narrator, â€Å"Is there any path by which I can come down and speak to you?† this makes the reader feel closer to the character due to his personal experience. The Signalman ============= At the start of `The Signalman` the atmosphere is bizarre. The story begins in a deep, damp cutting adjacent to a tunnel with a railway running through it, which is described as `barbarous`, `depressing` and with `forbidding air`. The scene is set at twilight therefore because of the darkness the two men don’t get to see each other properly and this enhances the mysterious element of the story. At the point in which he’s just about to go down `the cutting`, a vibration shakes the ground, Dickens writes, `vague vibration in the earth and air`, which describes the movement, he also uses a lot effective adjectives like, `violent` and `pulsation`, which conveys fears and adds to the tension which is building up, but this time it was just a train passing and the tension is lost. Dickens describes the cutting as being, â€Å"Extremely deep and unusually precipitous† and â€Å"Solitary and dismal†, he uses the detailed description to give the setting an eerie edge. The story only takes place within the cutting. The two men meet at the cutting at night, â€Å"I will come at eleven†, Dickens says, this sustains the tension due to the darkness and our own knowledge that the supernatural experiences always occur at night. The narrator feels very sympathetic towards The Signalman, as he keeps revisiting him to find out more about his life and his experiences, â€Å"But I expressly intend to make you another visit†, the narrator also talks about an â€Å"infection in the mind† and â€Å"deception of his sense of sight† and recommends `The Signalman` to see a doctor, when he sees the ghost, which reveals his level of concern for his new

Are Homosexuals the only sexual abusers of boys Essay

I do not agree with the idea that only homosexuals sexually abuse boys. This is a myth that has been instilled in people hence people grow up with the notion that male children can only be abused by homosexuals. Sexual abuse in boys has become common although in most cases it is unreported, under-treated or under-recognized. There is little knowledge concerning sexual abuse in boys which can be attributed to the few studies which are carried in this area. Although it is not clear on the exact number of boys who are at risk of being sexually abused, it is estimated that one in every 6 boys is likely to be a victim of sexual abuse by the age of 16 years (Gartner, 2005). According to research, most male sexual abusers are likely to be males who are close to the victim but are not related to the victim. These perpetrators usually carry out the abuse away from their victim’s homes, do it repeatedly and often involve some kind of penetration. But sometimes, the perpetrators can be female. It is said that there are higher chances of boys being abused by female perpetrators as compared to girls. When female perpetrators are involved, they tend to persuade them rather than using force as opposed to the male perpetrators who often use force. Therefore, one cannot rule out the possibility of female perpetrators abusing male children because these cases do exist (Michele, 1993). According to Spiegel (2003), people tend to look down upon homosexual as the only male sexual abusers because of the way they are brought up by the society. Most societies believe that all homosexuals must have sex with boys and mostly small boys. Therefore, children are made to fear homosexuals because they are seen as child sexual abusers. Considering this socially conditioned situation, it is difficult to change the opinion of the people about sexual abuse in male children. Hence, it is important for the society to start looking at the matter from different points of view such as: female can also sexually abuse young boys. Majority of these victims do not come to the limelight. In most instances, boys are sexually abused by women in parenting roles like mothers, aunts and grandmothers. This kind of abuse usually goes unreported because of the bond and royalty that exist between them. Such abuses can also occur when a son is given the role of husband. The son is usually made to feel aligned to the mother and becomes protective such that he constantly wants to care for and please his mother. The mother may put the child in a protective position which eventually leaves the child feeling ineffectual and inadequate. Because of the protection from the father’s abuse, the abuse from the mother may seem less threatening compared to the father’s. Despite that, this kind of abuse finally has significant psychological effects to the child (Dorais & Meyer, 2002). According to a study that was carried out by Dr. William C. Holmes about sexual abuse in small boys, it reveled that although majority of male sexual abusers are male, almost 90 %, there is also a significant number of female abusers with adolescent baby sitters accounting for almost half the population of female perpetrators. It is therefore important for proper measures to be put in place to ensure that boys are protected from sexual abuse from both male and female perpetrators because they are both involved in the abuse.

Analysis Of Quentin Tarantino s The World Of...

In his interview, Quentin Tarantino describes Inglourious Basterds as a product of his imagination (Gilby 175). If one had watched the film, he can see that the film is based on the real World War II setting as it portrays actual key figures - Hitler, Goebbels, and Churchill - and events around that time, such as German occupation in Paris and the Holocaust. Even though the film uses actual World War II setting, the story as a whole is a pure fiction. The film is a fictional alternate history of two different, but intertwined plots to assassinate Hitler. In reality, Hitler was not assassinated by the Jews, nor by Americans because he committed suicide. But, in the world of Inglourious Basterds, Tarantino twists the actual history by creating a fictional story of Hitler’s assassination, which is effectively achieved by Shoshanna, a French Jewish cinema proprietor, and two Jewish-American soldiers from the Basterds, a team of Jewish-American soldiers led by Lt. Aldo Raine. What Tarantino wants to imply through this film is that in the world of film, anything can be made possible, even altering history, at the filmmaker’s discretion. Tarantino has let his imagination run wild and satisfied the â€Å"what if† questions that not only he but also others might have: What if Jews retaliated back and fight the Nazis? What if Americans have killed Hitler and dismantled Third Reich? Through Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino recognizes cinema as a medium that has the power to deviate

Gun Violence in the US - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1496 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? The Constitution guarantees us rights and liberties that people in most countries do not have. One of those rights, the second amendment, gives us the right to form a militia and bear arms. Firearms have been a huge part of the culture in the United States since our creation, we bear arms to protect ourselves from a tyrannical government like our founding fathers fought against to create this great nation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gun Violence in the US" essay for you Create order Recently in our country, we have seen an increase in firearm related crimes. Some argue that firearms are too easily available and should be controlled and regulated by our government, while others argue that a wider variety of people need to own firearms in order to protect themselves and others as well as less restrictions on purchases. A balance would be necessary to not infringe on citizens rights, but to also prevent firearm related crimes to increase. The statistics that show what exactly is occurring in our nation due to gun violence is diverse. According to the CDC, we see about thirty three thousand firearm related deaths per year. About two/thirds of those deaths were suicides, while another twelve thousand are due to gang on gang violence and homicides. The remaining number is accidental discharges. (Casselman). Gangs are to blame for the rise of firearm related deaths in this country for the majority of statistics seen. We are also seeing an increase in the amount of shootings that occur when a mentally ill person obtains a weapon. Suicide is also a big factor that contributes to thesestatistics. People with depression that are not diagnosed can easily obtain a firearm and use it to commit suicide. First, lets define what gun violence means in this context. According to the CDC, gun violence is the use of a firearm in a criminal act such as assault with a deadly weapon, homicide, and suicide. (Archive) There is a set criteri a to decide whether a violent act falls under this definition. For the purpose of this paper, I will be analyzing the statistics of gun violence in four groups. Suicides, defensive gun uses, homicides, and gang related violence. Defensive gun uses are not a major issue because of the fact that peoples lives are being saved. That statistic doesnt accurately fit under the violent crime category. Suicides makes two/thirds of all firearm related violence in recent studies, I see the argument that we must also take into account that someone trying to kill themselves is going to find a way regardless of whether or not they have access to a firearm talked about frequently. Taking away their ability to have access to a firearm will help lower our gun violence statistics, but will end up increasing cause of death for another reason like ODs or death of impact. The fact that so many people end up committing suicide is a problem even bigger than the issue of firearm related deaths that only coincidentally correlates with this issue of suicide and firearms. According to the Harvard Injury Control Research Center, their clinicians often fail to ask about guns or feel uncomfortable broaching the topic, in part because they lack suicide prevention training. (Drexler). Psychologists and psychiatrists of mental patients and client are not trained in suicide prevention when they are dealing with mentally ill people. If someone is diagnosed with a mental illness, the doctor must inform the department of justice about said person so that they will be put on a do not sell list when they try to purchase a firearm. The fact is that some of these people slip through the cracks and are able to purchase a firearm. Bettermeans of mental health awareness are absolutely necessary to combating the amount of firearm related suicide that is an epidemic in our country and will continue to rise. Defensive gun uses is a pretty common act in our country. The CDC estimates that the amount of defensive gun uses was somewhere between 2.1 and 2.5 million per year. (Zimmerman) I do not see this as an issue personally considering these acts were in self defense, but this statistic is included in gun violence data. This is a pretty appalling number considering a majority of media outlets do not report on these uses. No one seems to realize that firearms are used more for good than for bad in the United States. I interviewed a candidate for Sutter county sheriff, Brandon Barnes. I asked what his beliefs were on citizens having concealed weapons permits and he replied, I believe that it is our duty to defend ourselves considering we cannot rely on the police to save us every time a life threatening event occurs. I believe Sutter county should be a shall issue county for a CCW license that way more citizens are able to defend themselves as long as they pass the background checks and are not felons. (Barnes). When Barnes said that we cannot rely on the police, it made me think about how fast a police officer arrives to a house or area thats been called in. an average response is about 15-20 minutes and that is plenty of time to take serious bodily injury from someone looking to do harm, so having that concealed weapon could be a life saving action. Homicides make up about nine thousand of the thirty three thousand figure. This figure also includes when a firearm accidentally discharges and injures or kills the person who discharged it. This is the main statistic that needs to be brought down. If you look at places where the average citizen can obtain a CCW permit, the homicide rates of that city or town tend to be low. If you look at a city where it is nearly impossible to obtain one, homicide rates areusually higher. (GunstoCarry) I believe it is our duty to defend ourselves and prevent homicides or violent crime from occurring. We cannot expect to pass laws restricting firearms and think that all homicides will drop drastically, but we cannot allow just any average person to arm themselves. The government must be able to weed out the few who are dangers to themselves and others from owning a firearm. Gang on gang violence in rampant in our suburban cities. There always seems to be a war so to say between two or more gangs that end up with unnecessary violence and deaths. The FBI reports, there are thirty three thousand criminally active gangs in the U.S. all use violence to control neighborhoods and boost their illegal money-making activities, which include robbery, drug and gun trafficking, prostitution and human trafficking, and fraud. Many gang members continue to commit crimes even after being sent to jail. (FBI). The amount of unregistered and illegal firearms on our streets continue to create issues for law enforcement and the people that live in these large cities. When an attack is executed like a drive by shooting, bullets can spray off target and hit passer-byers. This violence occurs more frequently and it is because of how easily available illegal weapons are in our community. Law enforcement need more funding to create a well equipped task force to deter and confisca te these illegal firearms. Punishments for being in possession of these firearms need to be harsher in order to set an example for others not to follow the path of those that have been caught. Buy back programs need to be implemented so that those with illegal weapons can turn them into their local police department and get paid a certain amount of money no questions asked. Getting illegal firearms off the streets in big cities and reprimanding people who possess them are the first big step in reducing the amount of gun violence that occurs in our nation.Gun violence in the U.S can be easily lowered without infringing on our second amendment rights. If we can come to agreement as a nation that something needs to be done in order to save lives and prevent disasters from occurring, we will have no trouble implementing ways to reduce the violence we see currently. We can create systems to help catch those with mental illnesses from slipping through the cracks and prevent them from ever purchasing firearms. Providing law abiding citizens with concealed weapons permits can help reduce homicides from happening if those being targeted can protect themselves. Funding local police departments to create task forces to confiscate illegal firearms on the street and from gang members must happen. If we sit idly by while gun violence continues to rise, more and more unnecessary deaths will occur and continue to taint the image of our country. Those that live in countries besides the US do not understand why we cannot control the amount of violence that happens and dont solve our problems like their home countries have. (Vox). We as a country need to realize that this issue is not normal and come together to prevent this violence.

The Child Of Norwegian Immigrants Essay - 1420 Words

Charlotte Wehrspann: April 20, 1920 through her eyes Charlotte (Jacobson) Wehrspann is a wife, mother, grandmother and great-grandmother. She has lived a full life and continues to experience life through her husband, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, extended family, and the church. This is her story of her life; 96 years and counting. A life filled with happiness, sorrow, loss, hope, life, love, and God. Charlotte describes her life as fulfilled; she is a wife, married to Allan for 67 years, together they have seven children, 13 grandchildren, and 17 great-grandchildren. Through her 96 years she has seen and experienced the Great Depression, World War II, Hitler’s suicide, Korean War, Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Vietnam War, Kent State Shootings, Assassination attempt of Ronald Reagan, Calvin and Hobbes comic strip published, September 11, 2001 and so much more. Charlotte is the child of Norwegian immigrants whom came to Otteson Iowa from Alta Norway. Charlotte is my grandmother, she lives in Otteson Iowa and lives in the home her in-laws built, the home her husband Allan was born in and the home her children and some grandchildren were raised in. She was a farmer, bus driver, seamstress, and now a retired passionate woman whom loves to bake, quilt, and read from the Bible, and always signs her letters and cards, â€Å"until we meet again†. â€Å"Until we meet again† is something she means and although she understands that her family is spread throughout theShow MoreRelatedNorway, Cuba, And Jamaica1319 Words   |  6 Pagescultural traditions. The Gypsy population also is a part of the homogeneous population, which are both smaller populations. In the late twentieth century, the country let immigrants come in from other countries. The Norwegian people have a population of four million and they also promote cultural sharing. About 90 percent of the immigrants belong to the Evangelical Lutheran state church. Then the other five percent are members of other faiths and only five percent have no religion. Also, ConstitutionalRead MoreClass Culture Is A Real Structure Essay2296 Words   |  10 Pagesindividual failure, but because individuals are engaged in an arena of gender, race and ethnic origins. This is known as â€Å"the hidden injuries of class†(Ortner, pg. 171) Working class and middle class practices of gender, sexual relations, and parent child relations, are forms of resistance and compliance of upward class mobility. Gender relations for both middle-class and working class, carry a burden of class meaning. Working classes have a choice between a life style modeled practice on middle-classRead MoreLanguage Barrier: Bilingual Education vs. English Immersion Essay examples1246 Words   |  5 Pagesschools or immigrants learned by immersion into the English system. Even the â€Å"African slaves, with limited if any formal schooling, learned English through their work. . . .† (Jost 13). Just as the Chinese laborers learned English, so did the hundreds of thousands of immigrants from all over the world. When I was growing up, I can remember my grandmother telling stories of when she started school. Her father was from Norway and did not speak much, if any, English. In their home Norwegian was spokenRead More Comparative Analysi s of Cultural Ideologies in Norway and the United States3902 Words   |  16 Pagesseveral public policies designed to ensure equal opportunities and protection of its citizens and immigrants. Some of these policies include an extensive health and social security, gender equality, consumer, and economic policies. All of these policies are designed to benefit the public as a whole. After Norway gained it independence, it adopted a constitutional monarchy political system. The Norwegian Constitution was written, while the monarchy was still in control of the country. In addition,Read MorePoverty in America: Government Welfare Programs are the Solution2574 Words   |  11 Pagesbeen written for others to gain an understanding and pocket a little bit of knowledge so this can soon be fixed. There are millions of organizations in today’s world that beg for money, clothes, and food so they can be sent overseas to help a poor child in Uganda or Haiti. Helping nationwide is always a good thing to be a part of; however, there are many things that can be done in each person’s community, which is always a great place to start. As a group, we all spent time with children in ourRead MoreMy Antonia Character Analysis1306 Words   |  6 Pagesat 10 years old when he goes to live with his grandparents on a prairie in Nebraska. Jim distances himself from boys his own age, instead he takes liking to older immigrant girls. He later becomes a successful lawyer in New York City, but he never forgets his childhood friend Àntonia. Àntonia Shimerda: Àntonia is a Bohemian immigrant and Jim’s closest friend. She comes to the prairie in Nebraska when she was 13 years old. Àntonia feels a deep attachment to the prairie, even working in the fieldsRead MoreEssay on Swedish American Contributions to Chicago1069 Words   |  5 Pageslarge cherry orchard, and families had only begun to move into the fringes of what is now Andersonville. Swedish immigrants continued to arrive in Andersonville throughout the beginning of the 20th century. The Swedish American Museum was founded in 1976, by Kurt Mathiasson, as a grassroots effort to preserve and disseminate the history of the great contributions of early Swedish immigrants to Chicago. First of all, I observed a rich cultural museum that has gained national acclaim as a model urbanRead More Chief Justice Earl Warren Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesChief Justice Earl Warren Earl Warren was born March 19, 1891 in Los Angeles, California. Earl’s father was a Norwegian immigrant, which left him dealing with prejudice and equal rights at a very young age (Grace, 1). This lead to early indications that law would be Earl’s profession. Even before entering High School, he listened to criminal cases at the Kern County courthouse. Attending the University of California at Berkeley, Warren worked his way through college. He majored in political scienceRead MoreRough Seas And Overcrowded Boats Await Travelers Who Have1663 Words   |  7 Pages This is the question many European nations are asking themselves while they are dealing with an onslaught of immigrants and lacking regulatory measures. In September 2015, almost half million refugees had already arrived to Europe. Although this is a comparatively small number to Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey’s several million, this was the beginning of a wave of new hopeful-immigrants trying to relocate to Europe. This also publicized an internal European competition, with each nation being pressuredRead MoreEssay Sustainable Development and Population Control1569 Words   |  7 Pagesand Population Control      Ã‚  Ã‚   A nineteen year old pregnant Chinese girl is forced to abort because she is too young to have a child. Iran, an Islamic nation, instructs religious leaders to promote contraception as a social duty. A Norwegian international banker worries about migratory tensions that would engulf his nation with waves of third world immigrants. A Los Angles Times article decries the lack of an official United States population policy. What do these statements share in common

Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Free Essays

Historical and cultural accounts are important documents in order for the next generation to mirror the past and learn from the early people. If such accounts are incomplete and biased, the people being described may be underestimated and the readers may be misled. The essay written by Al Mas’udi on the natives of Oman or the Zanj tribe is one example of a cultural account lacking in information and depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a merchant, Al Mas’udi gave a commercialist account of what can be found in Oman. In focusing much on what he could benefit from in the country, he failed to give a truthful observation of the people—their culture, beliefs, and traditions. This narrow point of view by a merchant traveler, if given serious consideration, may be dangerous as it may picture the people of Oman differently. In his essay, the author regarded the sail to the sea of Oman as the most dangerous, saying, â€Å"I do not know of one more dangerous than that of the Zanj.† This introduction could lead the readers to be disappointed from going to the place because of the danger he stated. Also, Mas’udi used the term Zanj to refer to all the people in Oman, but this is not proper because the word has a connotation that may demean his subjects. Such terms are said to be taboo, just like the term â€Å"Negroes† for Black Americans for this remind the Blacks of their painful past. The journal of Mas’udi also contained misconceptions about the natives of Oman as he pictured them to be like savages who â€Å"do not use [elephants] for war or anything but only hurt and kill them.† This statement is too rude as it depicts a tribe that did not pay respect for animal life, but a tribe that was so cruel and uncivilized. On the positive side, though, the author mentioned that the people had a beautiful language and they had a preacher to teach them about God. However, he said that there were no religious laws, which leads us to asking, what do the preachers preach aside from the law of their god? Truly, this statement gives a confusion on the people’s beliefs. As a traveler, one thing that Mas’udi must have done was to respect the people he observed and carefully write about them, without missing out on details which could lead the audience to misconceptions. This is similar to the term lesbian which was given a misconception from its original meaning of â€Å"people of Lesbos,† an island where the poet Sappho originated. The term was later given negative interpretation due to interpretations of the author’s poems which depicted platonic love between women. Indeed, we can see, â€Å"A little knowledge is a dangerous thing!† (Pope 1709) Work Cited â€Å"Lesbos Lived on an Island.† Pearl’s Rainbow Key West. 3 December 2007. http://www.pearlsrainbow.com/articles/Lesbos-Lived-On-An-Island.html. How to cite Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler, Papers Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler Free Essays Historical and cultural accounts are important documents in order for the next generation to mirror the past and learn from the early people. If such accounts are incomplete and biased, the people being described may be underestimated and the readers may be misled. The essay written by Al Mas’udi on the natives of Oman or the Zanj tribe is one example of a cultural account lacking in information and depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a merchant, Al Mas’udi gave a commercialist account of what can be found in Oman. In focusing much on what he could benefit from in the country, he failed to give a truthful observation of the people—their culture, beliefs, and traditions. This narrow point of view by a merchant traveler, if given serious consideration, may be dangerous as it may picture the people of Oman differently. In his essay, the author regarded the sail to the sea of Oman as the most dangerous, saying, â€Å"I do not know of one more dangerous than that of the Zanj.† This introduction could lead the readers to be disappointed from going to the place because of the danger he stated. Also, Mas’udi used the term Zanj to refer to all the people in Oman, but this is not proper because the word has a connotation that may demean his subjects. Such terms are said to be taboo, just like the term â€Å"Negroes† for Black Americans for this remind the Blacks of their painful past. The journal of Mas’udi also contained misconceptions about the natives of Oman as he pictured them to be like savages who â€Å"do not use [elephants] for war or anything but only hurt and kill them.† This statement is too rude as it depicts a tribe that did not pay respect for animal life, but a tribe that was so cruel and uncivilized. On the positive side, though, the author mentioned that the people had a beautiful language and they had a preacher to teach them about God. However, he said that there were no religious laws, which leads us to asking, what do the preachers preach aside from the law of their god? Truly, this statement gives a confusion on the people’s beliefs. As a traveler, one thing that Mas’udi must have done was to respect the people he observed and carefully write about them, without missing out on details which could lead the audience to misconceptions. This is similar to the term lesbian which was given a misconception from its original meaning of â€Å"people of Lesbos,† an island where the poet Sappho originated. The term was later given negative interpretation due to interpretations of the author’s poems which depicted platonic love between women. Indeed, we can see, â€Å"A little knowledge is a dangerous thing!† (Pope 1709) Work Cited â€Å"Lesbos Lived on an Island.† Pearl’s Rainbow Key West. 3 December 2007. http://www.pearlsrainbow.com/articles/Lesbos-Lived-On-An-Island.html. How to cite Misconceptions of a Tenth-Century Muslim Traveler, Papers

Case Analysis Sunflower Incorporated free essay sample

This case focuses on the planned change program that was implemented on the financial reporting system of Sunflower Incorporated, a large distribution company which resells salty snack foods and liquor. It also focuses on the management of the change program that was implemented to monitor pricing and purchasing decisions. Issues: †¢The major issue that this case highlights is manipulation in products in some regions to increase the sale and the profit of the company. The other issue is ineffectiveness in implementing the change program that Agnes Albanese initiated. †¢Inability to maintain the sustainability of the change program as even after agreeing with the change program, not a single regional executive bother to send the pricing and purchasing report. Analysis: After Sunflower began to use financial reporting system that compared sales, costs, and profit across regions, management found out that there was lack of congruence between the pricing and purchasing decision s across regions. Due to this, profit varied widely from one region to other. The head office encouraged each region to be autonomous because of taste and practices, the management found that highly profitable regions were sometimes using low-quality items to boost profit margins and increase the market share. Here, Leon Steelman has acted as the initiator of the change who hired Agnes Albanese as the change agent for the change program. The nature of change was the planned change to bring about congruence in the pricing and purchasing decisions across regions. Analysis of the Change Process according to the Change Management Model: Sunflower incorporated initiation for change program was a reasonable step but the process of change program was ineffective. According to change management model, Albanese needed to consider certain parameters that deterred the change process. Motivating change: She had inadequate analysis and resources which failed to establish clarity of the outcomes to the executives. She only considered the existing problems and created a vision for change. Creating vision: There was inadequate supply of information, and lack of coordination from the regional executives regarding purchasing and pricing decisions. Therefore she was unable to create a clear vision regarding the importance of the change program. Developing political support: Participatory approach was lacking while designing the change program. Thus there was lack of ownership. For a change to be effective identification of the key players whose support is required for success is an important aspect to be fulfilled but Albanese refused to visit the regions to discuss the purchasing and pricing policies with the executives giving the reason that the trips would be expensive and time consuming. Also there was no personal motivational reason for regional executives to pursue the change program. Managing the transition: Albanese was not able to manage the transition from the current state to the desired future state. It required creating an effective plan for managing the change activities as well as planning special managing structure for operating the organization during the transition. During the transition state the communication medium i. e. sending email used was inappropriate and there was no adequate exchange of information between Albanese and regional executives. Sustaining momentum: The change management program also involves the activities towards sustaining and completion of the change program through reinforcement of the new behaviors needed to implement the changes but there was no activities towards reinforcement of the new behavior among the regions. Similarly, the pushing forces that were prevalent were: 1. Top management pressure 2. Other brands were pushing hard to increase market share by cutting prices and launching new products. Hence this had created competitor’s pressure. 3. Profitability needs. From the force field analysis it is known that there are more restraining forces than pushing forces prevalent in the system making the change program ineffective. Albanese was able to unfreeze the existing situation and create an environment in which executives accepted the need for change. She was also able to move the behavior of the regional executives in the desired direction but failed to freeze the change that was desired as there were prevalent restraining forces than pushing forces. The other thing contributing to the failure of the change program was that change process was initiated during the peak sale season which was an inappropriate time for the implementation for the change program. Recommendations and suggestions: Albanese approach may be typical for many organizations but unfortunately it doesnt return anticipated results for numerous reasons. Organizational development theory tells us that change, in order to be effective, must be led and managed. Albanese only provided a quick solution to what she regarded as a simple problem while making no efforts to establish a change plan that would have included such elements as providing the leadership and vision to promote the change, cultural assessment to align behavioral norms, communication and stakeholder management, performance management, training and development, and the impact of the change on the organizational structure. In order to make the change program a success, Albanese should have taken following measures: †¢Proper analysis of the resources should be done to establish clarity of outcomes so as to get support from the regional executives. †¢As suggested by Mobley, she should have personally visited the regions and discussed purchasing and pricing policies with the executives so that refreezing of the change would have been possible. Effective communication medium should be used to enhance coordination from the regional executives. †¢She should have institutionalized the change by passing through the board meeting. †¢She should have used participatory approach while designing the change program which would have developed ownership among the regional executives so that they support the change. †¢She should have considered personnel motivational factors while implementing the change program.